• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    SYSTEM AND METHOD. A system includes a moisture analyzer (10) configured to detect moisture comprising water present in natural gas, comprising: an absorption cell (20) that surrounds and conducts natural gas; a pressure control device (38) configured to reduce a natural gas pressure within the absorption cell (20) to generate depressurized natural gas at a pressure below the ambient pressure of the natural gas; a light emitting device (12) configured to transmit light through the depressurized natural gas within the absorption cell (20); and a photodetector (26) configured to detect an intensity of light transmitted through the depressurized natural gas and leaving the absorption cell (20).
    公开号:BR102012020587B1
    申请号:R102012020587-4
    申请日:2012-08-16
    公开日:2020-10-20
    发明作者:Xiaoyong Frank Liu；Anthony Kowal；Gary S. Parece；John Mckinley Poole；Yufeng Huang
    申请人:General Electric Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [001] The matter described here refers generally to spectroscopy, and, more particularly, to absorption spectroscopy for the detection of moisture in natural gas. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [002] Moisture analyzers based on absorption spectroscopy exist to determine the concentration of moisture in a sampling gas. However, determining the moisture concentration (ie water vapor) in natural gas can be complicated. For example, the spectral interference between moisture and background gas (ie, natural gas minus moisture) can be severe enough to create a challenge when it comes to achieving a desired sensitivity or accuracy in determining moisture concentration. in natural gas.
    [003] Differential spectroscopy can be used to reduce the spectral interference of the background gas to determine the concentration of moisture in the natural gas. An example of a process used in differential spectroscopy may include recording a spectrum of background gas, which is essentially dry natural gas, subtracting that spectrum from a spectrum of natural gas to produce a differential spectrum, and determining the concentration of humidity based on the differential spectrum. However, this process requires a gas purifier and other accessories needed to remove moisture from natural gas to remove moisture from natural gas to record the background spectrum, which can be expensive. In addition, this process requires a switch between the sampling gas to be analyzed (ie, natural gas) and the reference gas (ie, gas dried by the purifier, which is representative of the background gas), which can decrease system response time.
    [004] Furthermore, there is no guarantee that spectral interference would be effectively removed because spectra of sampling gas and background gas are not recorded at the same time and / or the chemical composition of the background gas may vary over time. , and thus its spectrum may vary over time. Therefore, an approach that adequately addresses current issues regarding the detection of moisture in natural gas is desirable. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [005] Certain modalities of scope equal to that of the originally claimed invention are summarized below. These modalities are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather are intended only to provide a brief summary of possible forms of the invention. In fact, the invention can encompass a variety of forms that may be similar or different from the modalities demonstrated below.
    [006] In one embodiment, a system includes a moisture analyzer configured to detect moisture in natural gas, which includes an absorption cell that surrounds and conducts natural gas, a pressure control device configured to reduce a gas pressure natural within the absorption cell, a light-emitting device configured to transmit light through natural gas within the absorption cell, and a photodetector configured to detect an intensity of light transmitted through natural gas and exiting the absorption cell.
    [007] In another embodiment, a method includes reducing a natural gas pressure by a pressure control device to generate depressurized natural gas at a pressure below the ambient pressure of natural gas, transmitting a light through the depressurized natural gas to a length pre-selected waveform or across a wavelength range, record a spectrum of depressurized natural gas, and determine a moisture concentration in natural gas based on the natural gas spectrum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [008] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar characters represent similar parts throughout the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a block diagram of a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present technique; Figure 2 is a graph illustrating an example of a second harmonic spectrum of natural gas by a spectrometer of Figure 1 according to an embodiment of the present technique; Figure 3 is a graph illustrating an example of another second natural gas harmonic spectrum by a spectrometer in Figure 1 according to another embodiment of the present technique; and Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing spectral analysis with a spectrometer of Figure 1 according to an embodiment of the present technique. DESCRIPTION OF REALIZATIONS OF THE INVENTION
    [009] One or more specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In an attempt to provide a concise description of these modalities, all features of an effective implementation may not be described in the report. It should be appreciated that in the development of any effective implementation, as in any engineering or design project, several specific implementation decisions have to be made to achieve the specific objectives of those involved in the development, such as system-related and system-related restrictions. business, which may vary from one implementation to another. In addition, it should be appreciated that a development effort can be complex and time-consuming, but it would still be a routine task in design, manufacturing and manufacturing for those of average skill who have the help of this description.
    [010] When introducing elements of various modalities of the present invention, the words "one (s) / one (s)," the one (s) "," the one (s) ", and" said (a) "," referred to ”are intended to mean that there is one or more of the elements. The terms "comprising", "including", and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be elements other than those listed.
    [011] As discussed below, the modalities described refer to the application of a method of reducing spectral line width, and a system based on such method, to increase the detection of moisture in natural gas, including, but not limited to, feed gas (liquefied natural gas) LNG and regasified LNG. The system and method can also eliminate or reduce the spectral interference of the background gas (ie, dry natural gas) when moisture is detected in the natural gas. In particular, the described modalities reduce the pressure of the sampling gas to reduce the overall spectral line width for a sampling gas (i.e., natural gas). This reduction in the spectral line width as a whole for a sampling gas decreases the interference of the background gas and allows a more sensitive and accurate detection of moisture in the natural gas. That is, the described modalities reduce the pressure of a sampling gas regardless of the response time, or of the deconvolution of moisture absorption and background gas, since a single spectrum of a natural gas sample can be used to determine the moisture concentration in the natural gas sample.
    [012] Turning now to the drawings and referring first to Figure 1, a modality of a wavelength modulation spectroscopy analyzer 10 is illustrated. This analyzer 10 may include, for example, a light emitting device 12 The light-emitting device 12 can include, for example, a laser, a diode laser, a quantum cascading laser, or other light source. The light emitting device 12 can emit, for example, light at one or more specific wavelengths and at one or more specific modulation frequencies, which can be determined by a user, for example. In one embodiment, the light-emitting device 12 is a laser and can operate to transmit light at a single wavelength at a time. In another mode, the wavelength can be passed through a certain range and modulated at a certain frequency.
    [013] The light emitted by the light-emitting device 12 may include monochromatic radiation 14 which can pass through a collimator 16 which operates to collimate monochromatic radiation 14. Collimated monochromatic radiation 14 can be transmitted to an optical window 18 and through likewise, so that monochromatic radiation 14 can be transmitted into an absorption cell 20 (for example, an enclosed space). In this way, monochrome radiation 14 can pass from a chamber 22 into the absorption cell 20 while gases present, for example, in the absorption cell 20, can be prevented from entering the chamber 22.
    [014] In one embodiment, the absorption cell 20 can be a multipass absorption cell that allows monochrome radiation 14 to be reflected between a reflecting element 24 (for example, a mirror) at one end of the absorption cell 20 opposite the window 18, and another reflective element 25 (for example, a second mirror) at the other end of the absorption cell 20, before leaving the absorption cell 20 through window 18 and into the chamber 22. Monochrome radiation 14 can then be detected by a photodetector 26. In this way, the photodetector 26 can operate to detect an intensity of monochromatic radiation 14 that is leaving the absorption cell 20. In one embodiment, the light emitting device 12 can be provided with a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), a temperature sensor, and a built-in photodetector that can detect the intensity of reverse emission from the laser diode.
    [015] In another embodiment, an external reference photodetector 28 can be used in addition to the built-in photodetector, or instead of the same. As illustrated in Figure 1, a light divider 30 can be used to divide the monochrome radiation 14. The light divider 30 can receive the monochrome radiation 14 and can direct a portion of the monochrome radiation 14 to the reference photodetector 28, and can allow the rest of the monochromatic radiation 14 to transmit through the absorption cell 20. In one embodiment, the use of the reference photodetector 28 may be desirable in spectroscopy applications in which a light-emitting device 12 with an embedded photodetector is not readily available for a desired wavelength of monochromatic radiation, in which an external reference photodetector 28 is preferred, or in which it is desirable to monitor the concentration of an analyte that is leaking into the chamber 22.
    [016] In addition, analyzer 10 may include an inlet 32 and an outlet 34 coupled to the absorption cell 20. Inlet 32 can operate to conduct a gas flow 36 into the absorption cell 20, while the outlet can operate to conduct gas flow 36 out of absorption cell 20. In one embodiment, that gas flow 36 can include natural gas. The gas stream 36 can be LNG feed gas, regasified LNG, substitute natural gas, or synthesis gas. Inlet 32 can receive gas flow 36 and can transmit gas flow 36 into the adsorption cell 20, where gas flow 36 can be analyzed for moisture content. In addition, the gas flow 36 can be depressurized by a pressure control device 38 downstream of an outlet 34 to allow for more sensitive and accurate detection of moisture in natural gas.
    [017] The pressure control device 38 can be, for example, a vacuum pump, a vacuum cleaner, or other depressurization device, which can operate to reduce the pressure of the gas flow 36 from, for example, a standard atmosphere , to a pressure substantially lower than the pressure of a standard atmosphere, with the aid of a gas flow limiting device 37 located upstream of the inlet 32. The gas flow limiting device 37 can include any known element capable of restricting the flow of gas 36, such as an orifice with a diameter smaller than the diameter of a conduit used to conduct the gas flow 36. The pressure control device 38 can reduce the pressure of the gas flow 36 up to approximately 55.16 kPa, 51.71 kPa, 48.26 kPa, 44.82 kPa, 41.37 kPa, 37.92 kPa, 34.47 kPa, 31.03 kPa, 27.58 kPa, 24.13 kPa, 20.68 kPa, 17.24 kPa, 13.79 kPa, 10.34 kPa, 6.89 kPa, or 3.48 kPa or between approximately 6.89 kPa and 34.47 kPa.
    [018] Analyzer 10 can also include one or more sensors such as a pressure sensor 40 and / or a temperature sensor 42. Pressure sensor 40 can acquire pressure measurements of gas flow 36, while the temperature sensor 42 can acquire gas flow temperature measurements 36. These measurements can be provided for electronic circuitry 44. Electronic circuitry 44 can include one or more processors that can be digital signal processors, microprocessors, port assemblies field programmable, complex programmable logic devices, application-specific integrated circuits, and / or another set of logic circuits. The electronic circuitry 44 can receive signals from the photodetector 26, the reference photodetector built into the light emitting device 12 (and / or the external reference photodetector 28), the pressure sensor 40, and the temperature sensor 42. Electronic circuitry 44 can use these signals to analyze and determine the concentration of analyte in the gas flow 36, such as the concentration of moisture, for example, in natural gas, based on the measured spectrum, pressure and temperature of the gas flow. 36. In addition, electronic circuitry 44 may also command a drive circuit 46 of the light-emitting device 12. In one embodiment, analyzer 10 may also include a monitor 52, an input device 54, and one or more I / O interfaces 50.
    [019] In one embodiment, analyzer 10 can use absorption spectroscopy to determine the moisture concentration in the gas stream 36. Absorption spectroscopy methods may include, but are not limited to, direct absorption spectroscopy, harmonic / derivative spectroscopy, spectroscopy photoacoustic, cavity spectroscopy with ring down, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectral interference between, for example, humidity and the background gas in the gas stream 36, can be caused mainly by coincident but inherent adjacency between the transition frequencies of the humidity and the background gas. However, the wavelength of the monochromatic radiation 14 emitted by the light emitting device 12 can be chosen to avoid this coincident adjacency and to minimize the spectral interference of the background gas. In addition, through the use of the gas flow limiting device 37 and the pressure control device 38, the pressure of the gas flow 36 can be reduced, leading to a reduced spectral line width and thus a reduced spectral interference between moisture and background gas in the gas stream 36.
    [020] Figure 2 illustrates a graph 58 detailing a second harmonic spectrum 60 (2f) for a gas stream 36 (eg natural gas) at reduced pressure (eg 17.24 kPa, 34.47 kPa or 55.16 kPa) containing a certain level of moisture content when exposed to monochromatic radiation 14 across a range of wavelengths. Also shown in graph 58 is another spectrum 62 2f for a gas stream 36 (for example, natural gas) when exposed to monochromatic radiation 14 across a range of wavelengths at ambient pressure while containing the same level of humidity as the gas stream 36 at reduced pressure (ie, the same level of moisture content present in the gas stream 36 for the 60 2f spectrum). As illustrated in graph 58, at ambient pressure, spectrum 62 2f has poor resolution due to the fact that the line extends along the geometric axis of the wavelength, the spectral lines are grouped together, and the desired spectral line of humidity 59 desired is almost invisible. In comparison, the 60 2f spectrum has good resolution along the wavelength geometric axis, revealing minute details that would not be seen otherwise, including the desired humidity line 59. Thus, graph 58 illustrates that the flow depressurization of gas 36 can enable analyzer 10 to achieve superior selectivity, precision and sensitivity for the detection of moisture present in the gas stream 36.
    [021] No matter how meticulously the wavelength, or wavelength range of a monochromatic radiation 14 is chosen, it is difficult to avoid completely coincident coincidence in spectral line positions, since the line positions are inherent and dictated by molecular structures of the species present in the gas stream 36. Figure 3 illustrates a graph 64 that manifests this difficulty. In graph 64, smooth curve 65 illustrates a 2f spectrum of dry methane (CFk) recorded at a reduced pressure (for example, 17.24 kPa, 34.47 kPa or 55.16 kPa), the concentration of which is typically above 90% in natural gas. The solid straight lines in graph 54 are the spectral lines attributed to methane, including lines 68, 70, 72 and 74. The dashed straight lines in graph 64 are the spectral lines attributed to humidity, including the dash line and point 76, which is used to detect the moisture present in the gas stream 36.
    [022] As illustrated in graph 76, the methane line 68 overlaps the humidity line 76 in wavelength. The ratio between the methane line 68 and one or more of the methane lines 70, 72 and 74 is spectroscopically specific to methane, is a function of spectral intensity, relative gas pressure and temperature, and can be accurately calculated. In one embodiment, analyzer 10 can be configured to calculate a methane baseline underlying the desired moisture line, based on real-time detection of one or more methane lines 70, 72 and 74 based on a given proportion between the methane line 68 and one or more of the methane lines 70, 72, 74 and 76, so that the methane baseline can be subtracted from a composite of the desired moisture line 76 and the overlapping methane line 68, to determine the exact concentration of moisture in the gas stream 36.
    [023] Figure 4 illustrates a flow chart 80 describing a modality for detecting an analyte concentration in a gas stream 36, including, for example, a moisture concentration in a sampling gas or synthesis gas. In step 82, the pressure of the sampling gas flow 36 can be reduced, for example, by a pressure control device 38 alone, or in combination with a flow limiting device 37. In step 84, the flow of depressurized gas 36 is transmitted through an absorption cell 20. In step 86, the flow of depressurized gas 36 is exposed to light from a light emitting device 12 into the absorption cell 20. In step 88, the concentration of an analyte (eg, moisture) in the sample gas stream (eg, natural gas) is determined based on a spectrum based on absorption of the depressurized gas stream 36.
    [024] This written description uses examples to publicize the invention, including the best way, and also to allow anyone skilled in the art to put the invention into practice, including the manufacture and use of any devices or systems, and to perform any built-in methods . The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. These other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that are not different from the literal language of the claims, or if they include structural elements with non-substantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [0001]
    1. SYSTEM FOR DETECTING HUMIDITY IN NATURAL GAS, characterized by comprising: a moisture analyzer (10) configured to detect moisture comprising water present in natural gas, comprising: an absorption cell (20) that surrounds and conducts natural gas; a pressure control device (38) configured to reduce a natural gas pressure within the absorption cell (20) to generate depressurized natural gas at a pressure below the ambient pressure of the natural gas; a light emitting device (12) configured to transmit light through the depressurized natural gas within the absorption cell (20); and a photodetector (26) configured to detect an intensity of light transmitted through the depressurized natural gas and leaving the absorption cell (20).
    [0002]
    2. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a set of electronic circuits (44) to acquire and process a spectrum of natural gas.
    [0003]
    3. SYSTEM, according to claim 2, characterized by the set of electronic circuits (44) being configured to determine a mixture concentration in natural gas based on the spectrum.
    [0004]
    4. SYSTEM, according to claim 2, characterized by the set of electronic circuits (44) being configured to subtract a background value from a spectral characteristic with the natural gas spectrum based on a determined proportion to determine a moisture concentration in natural gas.
    [0005]
    5. SYSTEM, according to claim 2, characterized in that the spectrum comprises a spectrum based on absorption.
    [0006]
    6. SYSTEM, according to claim 2, characterized in that the spectrum comprises a direct absorption spectrum.
    [0007]
    7. SYSTEM, according to claim 2, characterized in that the spectrum comprises a derived spectrum.
    [0008]
    8. SYSTEM, according to claim 2, characterized in that the spectrum is based on photoacoustic spectroscopy.
    [0009]
    9. SYSTEM, according to claim 2, characterized in that the spectrum is based on cavity spectroscopy with downward ring.
    [0010]
    10. SYSTEM, according to claim 2, characterized in that the spectrum is based on fluorescence spectroscopy.
    [0011]
    11. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the light emitting device (12) comprises a laser, a diode laser or a quantum cascading laser.
    [0012]
    12. SYSTEM, according to claim 11, characterized in that the diode laser comprises: a thermoelectric cooler; a temperature sensor; and a built-in photodetector configured to detect the intensity of reverse emission from the laser diode.
    [0013]
    13. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure control device (38) comprises a vacuum pump or a vacuum cleaner.
    [0014]
    14. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure control device (38) is configured to reduce the pressure of natural gas between 6.89 kPa and 34.47 kPa.
    [0015]
    15. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that natural gas comprises plumbing natural gas, liquefied natural gas or regasified liquefied natural gas.
    [0016]
    16. SYSTEM according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorption cell (20) comprises a multipass absorption cell.
    [0017]
    17. METHOD (80) TO DETECT HUMIDITY IN NATURAL GAS, characterized by comprising: reducing (82) a natural gas pressure by a pressure control device (38) to generate depressurized natural gas at a pressure below the ambient gas pressure Natural; transmitting (86) a light through depressurized natural gas at a pre-selected wavelength or across a wavelength range; record a spectrum of depressurized natural gas; and determining (88) by means of an electronic circuit (44) a moisture concentration comprising water present in natural gas based on the natural gas spectrum.
    [0018]
    18. METHOD, according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises reducing the pressure of natural gas to generate depressurized natural gas at a pressure less than or equal to 34.47 kPa.
    [0019]
    19. METHOD, according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises reducing the pressure of natural gas to generate depressurized natural gas to a pressure less than or equal to 17.24 kPa.
    [0020]
    20. METHOD, according to claim 17, characterized in that the moisture concentration is determined by subtracting a background value from a spectral characteristic within the spectrum of the depressurized natural gas based on a predetermined proportion.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    CN102954939A|2013-03-06|
    BR102012020587A2|2015-08-18|
    NO342715B1|2018-07-30|
    GB2493833B|2016-08-03|
    BR102012020587A8|2015-09-22|
    JP2013040937A|2013-02-28|
    GB2493833A|2013-02-20|
    CN102954939B|2016-12-21|
    US8547554B2|2013-10-01|
    BR102012020587B8|2020-12-08|
    NO20120880A1|2013-02-18|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/211,821|US8547554B2|2011-08-17|2011-08-17|Method and system for detecting moisture in natural gas|
    US13/211,821|2011-08-17|
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